How does Congress fund security assistance?

A group of programs authorized by federal statutes by which the United States provides defense articles, military training, and other defense-related services by grant, lease, loan, credit, or cash sales in furtherance of national policies and objectives, and those that are funded and authorized through the Department of State to be administered by Department of Defense/Defense Security Cooperation Agency, which are considered part of security cooperation.

Continuing resolutions (CRs) are joint resolutions that provide continuing appropriations for part of a fiscal year or for a full fiscal year. A CR that covers only a part of a fiscal year is referred to as a "short-term" CR, and a CR that covers a full fiscal year is referred to as a "full-year" CR. A CR is often enacted when the Congress has not yet passed new appropriations bills by October 1 or when the President has vetoed congressionally passed appropriations bills. Because of the nature of a short-term CR, you should operate at a minimal level until after your regular fiscal year appropriations is enacted.

The USG’s accounting period. It begins on October 1 and ends on September 30 and is designated by the calendar year in which it ends.

A legislative resolution, designated H J Res (House) or S J Res (Senate) which requires the approval of both houses and the signature of the President, just as a bill does, and which has the force of law if approved. There is no practical difference between a bill and a joint resolution. A joint resolution generally is used to deal with a limited matter such as a single appropriation. Congressional rejection of a proposed arms transfer, lease, third country transfer, or a proposed international cooperative project takes the form of a joint resolution of disapproval.

Activities undertaken by the DoD to encourage and enable international partners to work with the United States to achieve strategic objectives. It includes all DoD interactions with foreign defense and security establishments, including all DoD-administered security assistance programs, that: build defense and security relationships that promote specific U.S. security interests, including all international armaments cooperation activities and security assistance activities; develop allied and friendly military capabilities for self-defense and multinational operations; and provide U.S. forces with peacetime and contingency access to host nations.